What Is Needed in Remote Monitoring of Heart Failure in the Era of Aging Societies and Digital Health

The rise in heart failure (HF) due to global aging demands a shift to home-based remote monitoring (RM). Yet, current RM tools struggle to reliably assess fluid volume and cardiac output (CO) non-invasively. Existing methods like thoracic impedance and weight changes lack consistency, and no standard for non-invasive CO measurement exists. Clinically, RM adoption is hindered by data overload, false alerts, and the need for individualized care, especially in elderly patients.

To be effective, RM systems must combine accuracy, low cognitive burden, and adaptability to patient needs. This paper identifies current limitations and proposes a strategy for a comprehensive, patient-centered RM approach with integrated hemodynamic monitoring for aging populations.